RESUMEN
Aeromonas septicemia still represents a serious challenge facing the global aquaculture sector. In the present study, Aeromonas caviae and A. veronii were isolated from four diseased European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) farms experiencing a high mortality rate. Diseased fish showed haemorrhages on the external body surface with exophthalmia, cataracts, scale desquamation, skin ulcers and fin erosions. The most common post-mortem findings were congested internal organs, particularly the liver and posterior kidney. Twenty-eight A. Veronii and 11 A. caviae isolates were identified biochemically by the Vitek 2 system and then confirmed by PCR and phylogenetic analysis. Hemolysin (hlyA) and aerolysin (aer) were the most abundant virulence genes in the recovered isolates, followed by cytotoxic enterotoxin (act) and heat-stable enterotoxin (ast). A. caviae was more virulent than A. veronii for D. labrax fingerlings as LD50 ranging between (>1 × 108 -6.2 × 107 ) for A. veronii and (2.9 × 107 -8.3 × 107 ) for A. caviae. The sensitivity test indicated the effectiveness of norfloxacin, doxycycline and oxytetracycline against the tested isolates. Serum cortisol significantly increased in the infected groups, while catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities significantly decreased at 2 days post-infection (DPI) and then increased at 6 DPI. The presence of virulence genes was associated with bacterial pathogenicity expressed in fish mortality rate. Virulence genes also drastically affect cortisol levels more than catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels.
Asunto(s)
Aeromonas , Lubina , Enfermedades de los Peces , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas , Animales , Virulencia/genética , Catalasa/genética , Genotipo , Filogenia , Hidrocortisona , Enfermedades de los Peces/microbiología , Enterotoxinas , Glutatión Peroxidasa/genética , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/veterinaria , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Bacterial diseases are the main cause of high economic loss in aquaculture, particularly gram-negative bacteria. This study was conducted for the isolation and identification of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas spp. from diseased fish. Twenty-two Aeromonas and sixteen Pseudomonas isolates were recovered from diseased Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in eight earthen ponds in Elhox, Metoubes, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. The recovered isolates were further identified using PCR as 22 Aeromonas hydrophila, 11 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 5 Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates. The 22 A. hydrophila isolates were screened for the presence of four virulence genes. Sixteen of the isolates (72.72%) were positive for the aerolysin gene (aer); 4 (18.18%) harbored the cytotoxic enterotoxin gene (act); and 2 (9.09%) carried the hemolysin A gene (hylA) while the cytotonic heat-stable enterotoxin gene (ast) was absent from all the tested isolates. The pathogenicity test indicated the direct relationship between the mortality percentage and the genotype of the tested A. hydrophila isolates as the mortality rates were 63.3 and 73.3% for isolates with two virulence genes (aer+ & act+, and aer+ and hylA+, respectively), followed by 40, 53.3, and 56.6% for isolates with only one virulence gene (hylA, act, and aer, respectively) and 20% for isolates lacking virulence genes. Based on the sensitivity test, the multi-antibiotic resistance profiles were as follows: 90.9% of the A. hydrophila isolates were sensitive to florfenicol and doxycycline; then 68.18% were susceptible to oxytetracycline, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin; and 63.63% were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, while only 27.27 and 4.5% were sensitive to erythromycin and cephradine, respectively, and all the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin
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Asunto(s)
Animales , Virulencia/genética , Aeromonas hydrophila/patogenicidad , Cíclidos/microbiología , Aeromonas hydrophila/genética , Aeromonas hydrophila/aislamiento & purificación , Norfloxacino/aislamiento & purificación , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
Bacterial diseases are the main cause of high economic loss in aquaculture, particularly gram-negative bacteria. This study was conducted for the isolation and identification of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas spp. from diseased fish. Twenty-two Aeromonas and sixteen Pseudomonas isolates were recovered from diseased Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in eight earthen ponds in Elhox, Metoubes, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. The recovered isolates were further identified using PCR as 22 Aeromonas hydrophila, 11 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 5 Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates. The 22 A. hydrophila isolates were screened for the presence of four virulence genes. Sixteen of the isolates (72.72%) were positive for the aerolysin gene (aer); 4 (18.18%) harbored the cytotoxic enterotoxin gene (act); and 2 (9.09%) carried the hemolysin A gene (hylA) while the cytotonic heat-stable enterotoxin gene (ast) was absent from all the tested isolates. The pathogenicity test indicated the direct relationship between the mortality percentage and the genotype of the tested A. hydrophila isolates as the mortality rates were 63.3 and 73.3% for isolates with two virulence genes (aer+ & act+, and aer+ and hylA+, respectively), followed by 40, 53.3, and 56.6% for isolates with only one virulence gene (hylA, act, and aer, respectively) and 20% for isolates lacking virulence genes. Based on the sensitivity test, the multi-antibiotic resistance profiles were as follows: 90.9% of the A. hydrophila isolates were sensitive to florfenicol and doxycycline; then 68.18% were susceptible to oxytetracycline, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin; and 63.63% were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, while only 27.27 and 4.5% were sensitive to erythromycin and cephradine, respectively, and all the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin.
